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Progress

A progress bar informs users about the completion status of an ongoing process or task.

Elements

A progress bar with arrows pointing to each of its four elements: Its title, track, progress value, and indicator.
  1. Title: Describes the task or process underway.
  2. Track: Illustrates the path from task start (empty) to task completion (full).
  3. Progress value: Quantifies progress by sharing a completion percentage or time remaining. For long task sequences, progress value may be used to communicate where a user is in that sequence: “Step 1 of 6.”
  4. Indicator: Animates the user’s progress toward completion.

Usage

Use a progress bar to keep users informed about how much effort or time they can expect to allocate for long or ongoing processes like loading or updating an app, submitting a form, or completing a multi-step tutorial.

Use a progress bar when:

  • A user must complete a series of tasks and will want indication that they are making progress.

  • A user needs indication that the system is progressing through loading, saving, or downloading.

  • A user needs to monitor a background process, especially if that process may take a long time.

Depending on your use case, you might choose between 2 types of loading indicators: Progress bars and spinners. Never use a progress bar and spinner together.

Default to progress bars for processes that take longer than 4 seconds or require more specific information about process completion. If a process takes less than four seconds, use a spinner instead.

Variations

An animated progress bar demonstrates how a progress track fills and progress value increases as a process moves toward completion.

Determinate progress bar

Whenever possible, use a determinate progress bar to communicate progress with measurable values like time or percentage.

Use a percentage as a progress value if the process will take less than a minute to complete or a percentage will be more accurate than estimating a task’s duration.

Use a time interval value such as “4 minutes remaining” to communicate progress if the process takes more than one minute to complete.

Indeterminate progress bar

Avoid using indeterminate progress bars to communicate progress that can’t be measured. To track progress that can’t be quantified with a percentage, time, or step, use a spinner instead.

Styling for statuses

Styling for progress bar statuses should follow accessibility guidelines by communicating each state through several messaging types: Color, microcopy, and icons.

Follow these general style guidelines when designing your progress bars. For information about writing progress bar titles for each status type, see the Content section.

In progress

A blue progress bar represents a process that is currently underway.

An example of a progress bar in an 'in progress' state, with a blue track and a title that indicates its status: 'Validating account credentials.'

Error state or failure

A red progress bar represents a process that has failed. Accompany a failed progress bar with a red danger icon to demonstrate that an error occurred in the process.

An example of a progress bar in an error or failed state, with a red track, optional danger icon, and a title that indicates its status: 'Could not validate account credentials.'

Complete or success

A green progress bar represents the successful completion of a process. Accompany a complete progress bar with a green check-circle icon to demonstrate that the process has finished with no errors.

An example of a progress bar in a complete or successful state, with a green track, optional check-circle icon, and a title that indicates its status: 'Validated account credentials.'

Spacing and alignment

Right-align progress value text when it’s placed above the progress track, in line with the title.

A visual example of a progress bar with right-aligned progress value text above the progress track.

Left-align progress value text when it’s placed to the right of the track.

A visual example of a progress bar with left-aligned progress value text in line with the progress track.

Always set an “outside fixed width measure” for determinate progress bars. This fixed spacing should solve alignment use cases in which stacked progress bar values vary in length.

Placement

A visual example of how to successfully place a progress bar in your designs, side by side with an example of unsuccessful placement. Never isolate a progress bar above, below, or outside of its corresponding content view — always align it with its relevant content.

Always place progress bars in alignment with their relevant context, such as the feature, function, or task they reflect. Keep progress bars within the user’s line of sight: Never isolate a progress bar at the top or bottom of a page, or outside of its relevant content view.

Use progress bars to communicate progress in a variety of contexts including:

In a table

Use a progress bar in a table to communicate the status of processes or tasks within it.

Place a progress bar into a table just as you would other table content. If a progress bar records the progress of multiple line items, group these items in adjoining cells and keep the progress bar in-line with the first item it pertains to. For multi-item progress bars that apply to non-consecutive items, consider adding a progress bar in-line with each individual item.

If your table includes multiple progress bars, designate a “Status” or “Progress” column for each one.

A visual example of how to successfully place progress bars in a table.

In a dashboard view

Use a progress bar in a dashboard view to track the progress trends within each card component on a page.

A visual example of how to successfully place progress bars in dashboard views.

During a file download

Use a toast notification and a progress bar to demonstrate progress during a file download.

A visual example of how to successfully place progress bars in toast alerts to communicate progress during a file download.

In a wizard

Never use a progress bar in a wizard to indicate progress through wizard steps, since a wizard’s steps sidebar already communicates this information.

Only use a progress bar in a wizard if its final validation process will take more than a few seconds. As users wait for their changes to be processed, display a progress screen that includes a progress title, progress bar, and an optional 1-2 sentence description to provide more details about the validation step or give users a better idea of how long this process might take.

A visual example of how to successfully place a progress bar in a wizard to express a final validation process.

To learn more about using progress bars in wizard validation progress screens, see our wizard guidelines.

Content

Progress bars should be self-explanatory and therefore include minimal written content: A title and an optional progress value.

In some use cases, longer progress bars might feature multiple lines of copy that change as a process moves through several phases. Default to one title per progress bar, unless your progress bar measures a multi-step process or procedure that isn’t detailed elsewhere.

Titles

Keep progress bar titles short and specific, between 1-3 words. Use verbs that clearly communicate each process and avoid using generalizations like “This may take a few minutes.”

Never punctuate progress bar titles, since they consist of fragments, not full sentences. Avoid using ellipses to communicate a loading state — progress bars indicate a process is “in progress” on their own.

Do
Don't
Downloading [application name]
Your application is downloading...
Creating cache
This may take a few minutes...
Validating account credentials
We're validating your account credentials

In addition to status styling, use verb tense to communicate the state of a process: In progress, failed, or complete.

For in progress statuses, write your progress bar title with present participles (—ing) to share that a process is underway. Avoid passive voice by starting each title with the present participle ("-ing") form of your task’s verb.

Do
Don't
Installing cluster
Cluster is installing
Creating cache
Cluster creation in progress

For failed statuses, write your progress bar title in past tense. Avoid telling users a process “failed” in favor of providing a more specific description.

Do
Don't
Could not install cluster
Cluster installation failed
Could not validate account credentials
Account validation unsuccessful

For complete statuses, write your progress bar title in past tense. Use this brief line to confirm that a process or task succeeded. Avoid using adverbs like “successfully” by simply stating the action happened.

Do
Don't
Cluster installed
Installation is complete
Validated account credentials
Successfully validated account credentials

Progress bars should only use content in their title and progress value. Never write additional content inside the progress track.


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